Effects of functional microbial agents on the performance of Weaned Piglets

Functional microbial agents, also known as microecological agents or microecological regulators, are products of probiotics, their metabolites and growth promoting substances that are used under the guidance of microecological theory to improve the gastrointestinal microenvironment of animals, achieve the purpose of promoting healthy growth of animals, improve the health level of the host or promote healthy state [1]. With the development of animal husbandry, the disadvantages of antibiotics as feed additives are gradually recognized by people. It kills harmful bacteria and beneficial microorganisms in the intestinal tract at the same time, resulting in the imbalance of microbial flora in the intestinal tract< br style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; white-space: normal;"/> In addition, drug residues in animal products will seriously affect the treatment of human diseases and can be inherited [2], which will directly affect human health. At the same time, it also constitutes a trade barrier for the export of animal products, brings difficulties to the export of animal products to earn foreign exchange, and to a large extent affects the economic benefits of the breeding industry itself. Microbial agents have attracted worldwide attention because of their non-toxic side effects, safety and reliability, no residue, no environmental pollution and other advantages. In recent ten years, a new class of drugs, health food, feed additives, etc., mainly based on microecological regulators, have formed or are forming industries, and are considered to be one of the feed additives with the most potential and application prospects at present [3]. Therefore, this paper aims to study the clinical effects of different doses of functional microbial agents on the production performance of weaned piglets, in order to provide a scientific basis for biological practice< br style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; white-space: normal;"/> 1. Materials
1.1 experimental animals and sites
100 35 day old weaned piglets (select the same batch of piglets with basically the same background, with the same individual size and immune status). The test site is located in a large-scale pig farm in Yixing< br style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; white-space: normal;"/> 1.2 functional microbial agents
Its components are mainly lactic acid bacteria, yeast, photosynthetic bacteria and other beneficial microorganisms; Organic acids, amino acids, digestive enzymes, vitamins, small molecular biological peptides, growth factors and other active ingredients< br style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; white-space: normal;"/> 2. Methods
2.1 grouping
100 35 day old weaned piglets were randomly divided into 5 groups with 20 piglets in each group, including experimental group I (5% added with functional microbial agents), experimental group II (15% added with functional microbial agents), control group I (5% without functional microbial agents control solution), control group II (15% without functional microbial agents control solution) and blank group. The concentrated solution of functional microbial agents was diluted 20 times with dilute sugar water, and then mixed into the feed according to the proportion after being kept at 30 ℃ for 1 ~ 2H. It was mixed once a day, and the mixing amount was the feed dosage for 1 day, so that the mixed feed was used up within 1 day. The control group was fed the basic diet< br style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; white-space: normal;"/> 2.2 feeding management
100 weaned piglets are raised in the same enclosure, fed twice a day, and free to eat and drink. Immunize according to the routine immunization procedures of the farm, and feed and manage normally at the same time< br style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; white-space: normal;"/> 2.3 test records
A specially assigned person shall record the enclosure environment (temperature and humidity) every day, the daily feed intake, morbidity and mortality, and medication of five groups of pigs, as well as the weight of each group of pigs before weaning (early stage of the test), after nursing (middle stage of the test), and before fattening (late stage of the test). After the experiment, the average daily feed intake (/kg · head · day), average daily weight gain (/kg · head · day) and feed meat ratio of pigs in each group were counted< br style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; white-space: normal;"/> 3. Results
3.1 comparison of food intake in each group
from weaning to marketing, record the feed intake of each group every day for the two stages of nursing and fattening, and make statistics. From table 1, it can be seen that there is little difference in the overall feed intake between groups. Only in the nursing stage, the average daily feed intake of the experimental group is increased compared with the blank group, about 15.2%, and the difference in the fattening stage is very small.
3.2 comparison of weight gain in each group
all pigs in each group were weighed and counted as a whole at the three stage points after weaning, before group transfer after nursing, and before slaughter after fattening. From table 2, it can be seen that the average daily weight gain of the experimental group is higher than that of the control group and the blank group, and the average daily weight gain of the experimental group I in the nursing stage is 24.2% higher than that of the blank group, 15.0% higher than that of the control group I; the average daily weight gain of the experimental group I in the fattening stage is 9.15% higher than that of the blank group, 3.89% higher than that of the control group II. After comparison Compared with the control group, experimental group I has better effect on weight gain of piglets in the nursing stage< br style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; white-space: normal;"/> 3.3 comparison of feed meat ratio of each group
After four and a half months of testing, it can be seen from the data in Table 3 that the feed conversion rate of the experimental group using microbial additives is significantly higher than that of the blank group. Among them, the feed meat ratio of the experimental group I is 7.64% better than that of the blank group, which is 3.47% better than that of the control group I< br style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; white-space: normal;"/> 4. Discussion
The main components of the functional microbial agents used in this experiment are beneficial microorganisms such as cellulase secreting yeast, lactic acid bacteria producing small molecular organic acids, purple non sulfur bacteria, organic acids, amino acids, digestive enzymes, vitamins, small molecular biopeptides, growth factors and other active ingredients. Its main function is to regulate the gastrointestinal balance of pigs, promote the comprehensive absorption of nutrition, improve the utilization rate of fibrous substances in feed, enhance non-specific immunity and disease resistance of pigs, improve reproduction rate, survival rate and uniformity, promote animal growth, improve daily weight gain, and shorten feeding time. Functional microbial agents have no toxic side effects and residues, can promote animal production performance and improve feed conversion rate, and can replace antibiotics as feed additives. The results showed that the addition of functional microbial agents to the feed promoted the growth and development of piglets, increased the average daily weight gain by 9.15%, and reduced the feed meat ratio by 7.64%< br style="font-family: "sans serif", tahoma, verdana, helvetica; font-size: 12px; white-space: normal; "/ > the material basis for the function of functional microbial agents is phosphobisic acid, peptidoglycan and surface protein (S-protein) on the surface of functional microbial cells Function of ingredients. Functional microbial bacteria rely on their own flagella, fimbriae and polysaccharides to adhere to the intestinal epithelial cells of poultry and livestock, grow and reproduce in the intestinal tract, and can competitively eliminate the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria. Its peptidoglycan can activate macrophages and B lymphocytes to produce interleukin, interferon, etc., promote the division of lymphocytes, and improve the immune ability of animals [4, 5, 6]. Its secretion of short chain fatty acids and small molecular acids can inhibit pathogenic bacteria and resist infection, Control the formation of toxic substances, promote nutrient absorption, regulate endogenous metabolism, etc. Therefore, in this experiment, functional microbial agents were used in the whole production process of pigs, but their effects were different in different production stages. The results showed that the effect was the best in the piglet care stage (juvenile stage). Because the microecological balance in piglets has not been fully established at the juvenile stage, and the ability to resist disease is weak, the introduction of functional microbial agents at this time can quickly enter the body and occupy the attachment point. Therefore, the functional microbial agent used in this experiment is an ideal feed additive that can replace antibiotics in pig production.